“Rediscovering Robert Hooke: Unveiling the Renaissance Man of Science”
Robert Hooke was born on September 18, 1685, in the Isle of Wight, just off the south coast of England. The father was appointed to the post of assistant pastor in the local church, and in view of the position, his financial condition was also not bad. But Robert’s father died when he was only 13 years old, with the result that Robert had to leave home and move to London – where he found a job with Sir Peter Lely, a well-known portrait painter of those days. His talent in painting was no less, but Robert was often ill, and his nature could not tolerate the colors and oils used in painting. While doing apprenticeship here, his future was secure, holidays were also sufficient for progress, but health did not support him. But even this ‘early’ initiation into art came in handy later on.
Luckily Robert Hooke’s father had left £100 for him, behind. This was considered a considerable amount in those days, and, on the strength of it, Robert entered Westminster School. At the age of 18, he got admission in Oxford. He also had to do some odd jobs for his college studies – singing in Christ Church, peoning, and some other odd jobs like this. In so many areas he had seen some proficiency or the other. Collecting illustrations for cartography books, working on wood and metal, and above all he was also a brilliant student.
During his Oxford days, he was introduced to Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle. Robert Boyle himself was a genius and accomplished. He was eight years older than Hook. He saw that Hooke had talent as well as integrity—in research work and in the laboratory. That’s why he appointed this promising student as his assistant. Christopher Wren’s field was geometry, and in 1660 AD he was appointed as professor of astronomy in Oxford itself. In 1663 AD, Ren changed his life direction. He became an architect, and is still best known as the builder of St Paul’s Church in London. come to ren’s house on those days eminent scientists of England used to gather. This was actually the symbol of the ‘invisible clan’, the same ‘invisible clan’ which later became the Royal Society of Scientists.
Some believe that much of the work attributed to Robert Boyle in science – including Boyle’s law on gases – was actually the result of Hooke’s ingenuity and ingenuity. In fact, such hints are also found in the hook at some places. But Boyle’s honesty is no less – because the vacuum pump which was invented in Boyle’s own laboratories, Boyle openly gave the credit for its discovery to Hooke – although even then it was named ‘Boyle’s Engine’. It was
Hooke got a strange job at the Royal Society, for which he did not get a penny in salary. That is, before each session of the Society, the management of all the tests that its members wanted to be done, was on the shoulders of Hook. He benefited greatly from this experience. Firstly, his contact with almost all the branches of knowledge-science of the era became regular and secondly, the development of his personal testing-intellect also proved itself in this way.
In those days, long letters used to come to the Royal Society every day, in which the details of Leeuwehock’s – the small world of bacterial life) were hidden. Many microscopes were prepared in Leeuwenhoek’s building – wonderful microscopes with a single lens, which could show small things very large. He had made 400 lenses, but he was not ready to give even a single lens to anyone at any cost. The Royal Society commissioned Robert Hooke to design a microscope that could test Leeuwenhoek’s claims. Hooke prepared some compound microscopes by mixing two or three lenses and also prepared some sixty-one sketches of what he saw. His initial initiation was also in painting. Eye of a fly, metamorphosis of an egg, internal structure of wings, lice, flies, pictures of all these were presented in an exaggerated way, but ‘exactly’, so that some knowledge could be gained in relation to these things. The publication-arrangement of these wonderful pictures was done. In the year 1664 – in the authentic pages of ‘Microphagia’. Hooke made the principle and work of the microscope public: but history considers Leeuwenhoek to be the father of microscopy.
In 1666 AD, a big fire spread in London. before the fire before the flames could be brought under control, eighty percent of the city had been gutted. Wren, now a renowned architect, had to depend on Hooke for the rebuilding of London. The plan for the revival of the city, often attributed to Rann, is actually Hooke’s work. The plan suggested that the city be revived in a rectangular form, with streets and roads bisect each other at right angles. The plan was approved—not because of any planning flaw, but because the owners of the buildings that had not burned down openly opposed it. And the result was clear – how many narrow and crooked streets exist in London even today.
He had a keen interest in the science of optics, which he demonstrated in astronomical calculations—by making a quadrant in which distant views could descend and, Along with this, there should be some screw-adjustment to make it forward-backward. He also prepared some useful instruments for the convenience of surveying for sea travel-to collect water from different depths of the sea, to those depths in words- Also to know accurately by motion. He also had some means of his own research to know the condition of the weather – a gauge to measure the movement of air, dial-pipe barometer and rain gauge and humidity meter. Not only this, the Royal Society He also made some arrangements for the publication of weather-related information under the auspices of Dr. Hooke. We can consider Hooke as a kind of originator of these seasonal weather-related information. The light-radiation of the Sun and the rotation of the Earth- these two reasons are the main ones.
Newton’s ‘Principia’ had not yet been published that how these planets-constellations are holding each other by gravity. Hooke had a lecture in front of the Royal Society about five years before this, which shows how far he could understand the general world-wide effect of gravity. In this context, his words are written that “All these planets and constellations are almost circular in shape and almost all of them revolve around their axis. If some kind of gravity was not mutually active in them, then they once upon a time, they would have been destroyed like a stone once released from a slingshot.
Newton had propounded his theory of gravity ten years ago, but some arrangements could not be made for its publication. And when the ‘Principia’ was actually published and came to the public, Hooke was very disturbed to think that Newton had published his research in reverse and did not show any gratitude. This small incident created a lot of enmity and enmity between the two great promoters of science.
Has the reader ever solved the puzzle of ‘character-contrast’? If you look at it upside down, then these letters can make some head and feet, is it CEIIINOSSTTUV?
The correct answer to the question is- Ut tensio, sic, vis.’ This is a sentence in Latin in which Hooke’s ‘law of elasticity’ is recorded. But in the year 1676, Hooke used this ‘opposition’ in one of his scientific essays with a completely different intention. Till now he could not get complete evidence of its veracity. He himself was still not sure whether this rule was really correct or not. Well, his purpose in publishing it was that ‘a scientific establishment’ I have given to the world first. The year inscribed on the book was an irrefutable proof in support of this claim. The Latin sentence translates as: “The stretch (of a string or spring) is proportional to the force exerted on it.” Or can stretch a spring up to one inch, then two pounds will stretch it up to two inches and ten pounds up to ten inches (provided that it is capable of withstanding such a load).
Hooke used the law to make a perfect spring balance. Having prepared the scales, Hooke took them to St. Paul’s Church, and also took with them a known weight, to show that the higher one reaches the height, the less the force of gravity there. The principle that is working in the basis of this fact is that this attraction should be relatively more on the matter lying closer to the center of the earth, and less away from the center.
Now by analyzing the movement of the spring, on the basis of that, he tends to make. The watch has just been kept at some place, cannot be taken away by lifting it. In addition, its use on ships would often be a problem, as the needles would tend to slacken as they approached the equator, due to the reduced gravity there. Therefore, by removing the pendulum, Hooke started using a balance heel, and a fine spring, like a hair, in its place. Hooke’s belief was that the spring would continue to oscillate at the same speed around its focal point. But here also Hooke did not get success but got disappointed, because Christian Huygens had patented a similar system in France in 1676. Hook also proved that first of all this idea came out of his mind and not from Huygens’s mind, but Huygens’s patent continued unabated. The invention was actually Hooke’s, but he showed no further interest in further investigation.
After all, Hooke also became the secretary of the Royal Society. He left this job in 1682 AD. But his essays related to science continued to be received by the society even after that. He remained unmarried till the end. But a niece used to live with her and used to take care of her house. This niece died in 1687 AD and he could not tolerate this blow. He got completely extinguished. His notes were published two years after his death in 1703 AD. In these 400,000 words, the breadth and completeness of the interests of that great scientist is proved.
Hooke might not have achieved fame and success in the public eye, but his original genius foreshadowed many scientific inventions and theories. When he rested the head of the screwdriver on his watch and put the wooden end to his ear – did not the foreboding of the origin of the stethoscope grow in him? However, it took another 150 years for the science world to give it a functional form. Looking at a cork under a microscope, he noted that its internal structure was very similar to that of a honeycomb – describing which he also used the word ‘cell’.
In those days, there were many scientists who were also interested in social service.It was not less. Hook was also one of them, who sincerely wanted to bring some facilities in human life through practical science. He also did some real solutions to the problems of the laborers working in the mines and some of the farmers.
Robert Hooke’s genius was amazing. His discoveries in science have the same importance as those of Newton, Huygens, and Leeuwenhoek. But today history remembers him mainly as the first scientist to realize the elasticity of the spring – that the stretch is proportional to the hanging weight.