In 1452 AD, Leonardo da Vinci was born in the village of Vinci near the famous city of Florence, Italy. His father was a village official, and his mother had once been a maid in one of Vinci’s inns. Vinci’s childhood was spent at his grandfather’s house.
Leonardo’s talent started coming to the fore from school itself, while he used to solve the most difficult mathematical problems in a pinch. And it was from this time itself that his amazing power in painting also began to find expression. At the age of sixteen, he became an apprentice to Andrea del Berrocchio, and learned to work on wood, marble, and other metals under his tutelage. Berrocchio was impressed by his pupil’s extraordinary ability and encouraged Leonardo to study Latin and Greek classics and master philosophy, mathematics and physiology. Verrocchio was of the opinion that self-study of these texts and subjects was necessary to become a true artist.
Somewhere at the age of twenty-six, Leonardo’s apprenticeship ended, after which he became a member of the ‘Artists’ Association’. Now he was completely free to have his own admirers and connoisseurs of his art. Under the umbrella of the Sangh, he made a new experiment in musical instruments. Invented a veena in the shape of a horse’s head, whose teeth had the characteristic that they could ‘compound’ musical notes sufficiently. With this harp, Duke Ludovico Sforza, who was the ruler of Milan at that time, became attracted to Leonardo.
In those days, Italy was divided into so many small states, in which one or the other thing would happen every day. Leonardo da Vinci’s attention consequently turned to the manufacture of materials useful for war. And, while in the service of the duke, he also made plans to establish some new cities to give some relief to the cities troubled by the plague epidemic. The importance of the system to take away the city’s filth from the drains is also clear in his plans. He presented many plans to the Duke, but Swami probably did not like any of them. so he’s a handsome dukeL only the painting ‘The Last Supper’, which the duke himself had commissioned him to present to the refectory of Santa Maria, could produce.
While living in Milan, his interest in ‘anatomy’ (anatomy) was awakened. He went to the famous doctors of that time so that he could see the incisions of the dead with his own eyes. The result of all this is that many artistic sketches of Leonardo, which present a subtle analysis of every part of the human body, have become the heritage of science today.
Duke Sforza is arrested and imprisoned by the King of France. As a result, Leonardo no longer had a guardian. In this disaster, he went to Venice and presented his war-related inventions to the authorities there – including a special type of dress for divers and a type of submarine. These inventions are among the few of Vinci’s inventions that do not find full details in his notebooks. Vinci said that he was not openly presenting the method of making them, because he was afraid that “somewhere the animalism of humans may use them for destruction by descending to the bottom of the sea.”
For some time, Leonardo also worked as a cartographer for Cesare Borgia. Boggia was a tyrannical ruler whose plan was to bring all of Italy under his control; With this intention, he had given Leonardo a job on the pretext that he would get accurate maps of Tuscany and Umbria. These maps were re-drawn by Leonardo himself after reaching the places, after inspection, and measuring the earth inch by inch with tools.
In 1500, when he was nearing the age of 50, Leonardo returned to his homeland, Florence, and stayed there for six consecutive years. Meanwhile, he created that famous picture of ‘Monalisa’ whose charming smile, seeing in the Love Museum of France, still refreshes the vision of thousands, and gives spiritual satisfaction.
Some of Leonardo’s own famous contemporaries—Raphael and Michelangelo—were painting in the Vatican at the same time, and in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. Leonardo also reached Rome, but was not successful in getting a single order. People didn’t like Leonardo, because he had looked inside the human body and photographed his studies. The result of this neglect of the public and the official class was that he Had to leave Italy and never came back home again. The last years of his life were spent in the service of the King of France.
Leonardo da Vinci was an inventor. He was a civil engineer, military engineer, astrologer, geologist and anatomist. And also, perhaps, he was the world’s first aviator. Not only did he enter every field, he had full authority like an expert. First of all he was an artist, and it was with the help of art that he entered science, and his scientific studies also probably added to his art.
Authentic versions of the artist Leonardo da Vinci have come out. Even today, the amazing expression of human genius is evident in his paintings, but it is somewhat difficult to describe the scientist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci. He was far ahead of his era. Whatever he imagined, all could be embodied; But he was presenting such distant possibilities to his own comrades, for which he probably could not find support anywhere. One of his difficulties was that he used to take many tasks in his hand at the same time and could not complete even one on time, because the time was short, and he himself could not concentrate on all of them at the same time. .
His inventions are as interesting as they are bizarre. Her machine gun is the first version of the US Gatling gun used in the Spanish–American War. Leonardo’s gun used multiple barrels mounted on a triangular base. When the guns of one batch are releasing the cartridges, the second batch is being loaded, and the third batch is cooling down. The military tank he invented is a mobile home in which a number of cannons filled with cartridges are kept hidden. The tank moved forward on four wheels that could be steered in any direction and, when necessary, could be detached; But only men were used to push the tank forward. It was a matter of those days when no other effective scientific method could be developed yet except using water and wind as power.
In addition to submarines and divers’ livery, Leonardo also designed a two-masted sailing ship: the ship would stay afloat even if the outer mast was destroyed by enemy bombardment.
Even in that field of science, which is called mechanical science in the modern definition, Leonardo had the same entry. To know the speed of the wind, he invented an anemometer. It was a kind of fan, which was hinged in the middle in such a way that even the slightest wind would cause it to move: the speed of the wind can be measured very easily by the angle at which the fan swings in the air.
Leonardo’s great clock was the first clock in the world to read hours and minutes simultaneously. To control the movement of the clock • A weight would hang inside and there would be an ‘escapement’ arrangement for the movement of sand from one side.
Today’s motor vehicles have a kind of odometer which tells how much distance the vehicle has covered. The job of an odometer is to record the number of revolutions the wheels have made as a whole • and, via gears and cables, convert this information into miles. Leonardo did not have a motor vehicle, but it was equally important for him to measure distance during his cartography, for which he invented a kind of odometer – something in the form of a heel-barrow, which the operator called the road. but pushed forward: as the wheels moved, the gears of the machine would rotate, which would have already been linked with the needles of a dial. These needles could tell at any time how many miles the wheel-barrow had traveled.
Leonardo made so many such small inventions which are still being used in the same way, with minor manipulations. If there is some difference in them, then it is that instead of wood, steel is now being used, but the rules working in their origin were first developed by Leonardo’s subtle intelligence. He also constructed a device for lifting heavy weights from one place to another, which is not very different from our modern ‘automobile jack’. A model of a ‘variable speed drive’ is also recorded in his notebook, in which gear-shaped wheels of different diameters are used – and these wheels themselves are in contact with a type of pin drive. The user can make this relationship possible by changing it at whatever speed he wants. Moreover, Leonardo had also invented roller bearing in the days when he had also prepared a type of differential, which is used in principle in the rear wheels of motor vehicles in the same form even today. The function of the differential is that the speed of one of the two wheels should be slightly higher than the other, so that no accident occurs in turning the motor vehicle at a turn.
Machine tool factories today may be surprised to know that their machines for cutting bangles and cutting sand are not much different from those designs of Leonardo in use.
Hydraulics, ie water power, was a very dear subject of Leonardo. He invented a pump in which the force of the flow itself could lift water. The running water would have a paddle-heel, which would push forward a large weighted cork-heel, and this cork-wheel would now turn some piston pumps which would cause the water to rise slowly by itself. All the machines together become about 70 feet high. Apart from this, Vinci also studied other aspects of water power. He looked very carefully at the shape of the fishes floating in the water, on the basis of which he made some such designs of water ships so that they too can move freely wherever they want, without any hindrance, like fishes. .
Only two questions related to water power were important – one, the question of irrigation of fields, and second, the question of sea travel, and keeping these in mind, Leonardo prepared some great plans to change the direction of the river’s edge.
Around the year 1490, Leonardo also prepared a map of a machine to fly in the air. In Leonardo’s plan, this machine, which never flew, was to be operated by man himself from beginning to end. It was thought that the aviator would move the huge wings of the machine by moving his legs. A kind of helicopter was also prepared by Leonardo, whose main part was a heavy screw or bangle, but a spring was installed to move this bangle back and forth. He could not succeed in this because • The power available at that time to turn the screw was very less. Leonardo also made a large wooden structure, in the shape of a pyramid, and covered it with linen. This was our first parachute, which was tested from a high tower to show how it worked.